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Discover the Terracotta Warriors in Xi’an: A Complete Guide to China’s Ancient Army
Xi’an, one of China’s ancient capitals, is home to one of the world’s most significant archaeological discoveries—the Terracotta Army. This guide will take you through everything you need to know about the Terracotta Warriors, from their historical significance to how to visit them.
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Introduction As one of the Eight Wonders of the World and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Terracotta Warriors in Xi’an are part of Emperor Qin Shi Huang’s mausoleum complex. They stand as a testament to the Qin Dynasty’s military might and splendid civilization. This guide offers a comprehensive overview of the archaeological marvel—covering historical context, practical visiting tips, and in-depth experiences—to make your trip both informative and engaging, helping you unravel the legend of the "underground army" from over 2,000 years ago.
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Historical Background & Significance 1. The Discovery of the Terracotta Army In the spring of 1974, villagers in Xiahe Village, Lishan Town, Lintong County, Shaanxi Province, were facing a severe drought. To irrigate their farmland, 13 villagers voluntarily organized to dig a well in the persimmon orchard south of the village. When they dug to a depth of about 5 meters, their hoes suddenly hit a hard object—at first thought to be a stone, but after careful cleaning, they discovered a clay human head and half a limb. These mud-stained terracotta fragments, with mottled colors and lifelike features, were unlike any cultural relics the villagers had ever seen.
The news spread quickly, attracting the attention of local cultural relics authorities. An archaeological team was immediately dispatched to the site. After preliminary exploration, a world-shaking archaeological discovery gradually emerged: this was not an isolated terracotta figure, but a large-scale burial pit filled with thousands of neatly arranged terracotta warriors and horses. As excavation work progressed, Pit 1, Pit 2, and Pit 3 were successively discovered, while Pit 4 was left unfinished and abandoned due to the outbreak of peasant uprisings at the end of the Qin Dynasty.
During the excavation, archaeologists overcame numerous difficulties. Having been buried underground for millennia, the terracotta warriors were highly susceptible to oxidation upon excavation—their originally vivid painted colors faded rapidly when exposed to air. To protect the cultural relics, experts developed advanced conservation technologies, including on-site reinforcement, dehydration, and paint preservation for the unearthed warriors. On October 1, 1979, the Emperor Qin Shi Huang’s Mausoleum Museum officially opened to the public, showcasing this archaeological marvel to the world. In 1987, the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor and the Terracotta Army Pits were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, becoming a common cultural treasure of humanity. Today, archaeological excavations continue, with new cultural relics and historical information constantly emerging, helping us uncover the mysteries of the Qin Dynasty.
2. Historical Context of the Qin Dynasty The Qin Dynasty (221-207 BCE) was China’s first unified feudal dynasty, founded by Emperor Qin Shi Huang after unifying the warring states. To consolidate his rule, the dynasty implemented pivotal reforms—standardizing weights, measures, writing, currency, and establishing a prefecture-county system—laying the foundation for centralized governance.
Construction of the Terracotta Warriors began in 246 BCE (when Qin Shi Huang ascended the throne) and took 39 years to complete. It served as a funerary project to guard his mausoleum and demonstrate imperial power and military prowess after his death. As a concentrated reflection of Qin’s military system and craftsmanship, the warriors’ neat formation mirrored the Qin army’s combined "chariot, infantry, and cavalry" combat structure, while the realistic "thousands of unique faces" showcased the era’s advanced handicraft skills—making them a crucial material relic testifying to the Qin Dynasty’s prosperity and civilization.
3. Cultural & Archaeological Significance As the world’s largest and best-preserved ancient terracotta army, the Terracotta Warriors serve as core material evidence for studying the Qin Dynasty’s military organization, sculptural art, and metallurgical technology. Their realistic "thousands of unique faces" and precise military formation directly reflect the artistic standards and military system of the Qin Dynasty; meanwhile, the rust-proofing techniques of unearthed weapons and the firing technology of terracotta figures are vivid examples of ancient China’s scientific and technological wisdom.
As a core symbol of Chinese civilization, the Terracotta Warriors are not only a treasure of UNESCO World Heritage but also a key bridge for cultural exchange between China and the world. They allow global visitors to intuitively experience the splendor and depth of ancient Chinese civilization, boasting irreplaceable historical and artistic value.
Scenic Area Overview The Emperor Qin Shi Huang’s Mausoleum Museum consists of two parts: the Qin Shi Huang’s Mausoleum Archaeological Site Park (Lishan Garden) and Terracotta Army Museum, covering a total area of 56.25 square kilometers. The core tourist area is concentrated in the Terracotta Army Museum, distributed in a triangular layout. The three pit halls, the Bronze Chariots and Horses Museum, and the Emperor Qin Shi Huang’s Mausoleum Relic Exhibition Hall are accessible on foot, making the tour route very convenient. A. Qin Shi Huang’s Mausoleum Museum a. Qin Shi Huang’s Mausoleum Archaeological Site Park (Lishan Garden) The Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum Archaeological Site Park (Lishan Garden) consists of four main sections: the Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum, the Bronze Chariot and Horses Exhibition Hall, the K0006 Burial Pit, and the K9901 Burial Pit. 1. Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum Located in the core area of the Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum Archaeological Site Park (Lishan Garden), it includes the tumulus of Qin Shi Huang's Mausoleum, proven major architectural ruins, the specific location and scope of accompanying pits, the Acrobatic Terracotta Army Pit Museum, the Civil Official Terracotta Army Pit Museum, etc., covering an area of approximately 56.25 square kilometers.
2. Bronze Chariot and Horse Exhibition Hall The bronze chariot and horse is one of the burial items of Emperor Qin Shi Huang, symbolizing a part of his royal entourage. The design of the bronze chariot and horse mimics the real shape of a chariot. Previously, the chariots discovered in archaeological excavations were made of wood, and they had decayed by the time they were unearthed. The discovery of the bronze chariot and horse allows us to clearly see the true appearance of ancient imperial chariots. The bronze chariot and horse are scaled down to half the size of the chariots in Emperor Qin’s royal fleet. The canopy and the interior and exterior of the carriage are decorated with exquisite patterns. The gold and silver decorations on the two bronze chariots weigh up to 14 kilograms, demonstrating the noble status of the chariot and horse.
This group of bronze chariot and horses is categorized into two chariots, Chariot No. 1 and Chariot No. 2, based on their order of discovery. Both chariots have a single shaft, two wheels, and are drawn by four horses. The two central horses are called "fu ma" (draught horses), which are mainly responsible for pulling the shaft, while the two side horses assist the draught horses in pulling the chariot and are called "can ma" (auxiliary horses). To ensure that the four horses remain in position and work together to pull the chariot, the bronze chariot is equipped with special components, including "xie qu" (side restraints) and reins, to prevent the auxiliary horses from drifting inward or outward. The role of the side restraints is to keep the auxiliary horses from pulling inward, while the reins attached to the necks of the auxiliary horses prevent them from straying too far. These devices ensure that the auxiliary horses maintain a proper distance from the draught horses, keeping them neither too far nor too close, allowing the horses to work in unison and pull the chariot together.
3. K0006 Burial Pit This pit is located in the southwestern corner of the Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum’s inner city, within the tomb’s burial mound, and runs east to west. The structure is a slightly "Zhong in Chinese" -shaped underground passage with a full wooden construction. The total area of the pit is approximately 410 square meters, divided into three parts: a sloping passage, a front chamber, and a rear chamber. The front and rear chambers are offset from each other in the east-west direction, creating two relatively independent units with different burial items. The front chamber primarily contains terracotta figurines, while the rear chamber contains horse bones. This pit is one of the rare, unburned burial pits in the Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum, and as a result, the wooden structural remains are relatively intact. Upon excavation, remnants of beams, wall panels, floor boards, and door frames were found.
The front chamber of K0006 measures 10.6 meters in length and 4.05 meters in width. On the southern wall of the chamber, there is a side room measuring 3.8 meters in length and 2.9 meters in width. Twelve terracotta figurines were unearthed in the front chamber, which can be divided into two categories: eight "xiu shou" figurines (figurines with hands clasped behind their backs) and four "yu shou" figurines (imperial attendants). These figurines were found in fragmented pieces. Compared to the warrior figurines unearthed from the No. 1 Terracotta Army pit, these figures appear more delicate and less muscular. The upper body of the figurines is dressed in a single or double-layered cross-collared, knee-length robe, with a leather belt at the waist. They wear long pants and square-toed shoes.
4. K9901 Burial Pit The K9901 burial pit is 80.8 meters in length, running east to west, and 40 meters in width. The main section of the pit is between 12.8 and 16.7 meters wide and contains two east-west oriented compacted earth partitions and three east-west oriented passageways. The doorways at both ends are 20.8 meters long and range from 7.6 to 11.4 meters in width. The pit is located about 5 meters below the current ground level and covers an area of approximately 700 square meters. It is an underground passage-style building made of wood and earth, which was damaged by fire and collapsed.
The excavation of this pit uncovered two bronze cauldrons (ding) and over 20 terracotta figurines. The terracotta figurines found here are mostly topless, wearing brightly colored short skirts. The figurines are life-sized and feature a variety of postures, marking a unique discovery in the Qin Mausoleum archaeological findings. This is the first time such figurine designs have been seen in the Qin tombs.
b. Qin Shi Huang Terracotta Army Museum Main Pits & Key Exhibits 1. Pit 1 As the largest pit in the Terracotta Warriors scenic area with the most terracotta figures, Pit 1 offers an unparalleled sense of grandeur. Shaped like a rectangle, it stretches 230 meters east-west and 62 meters north-south, covering a total area of 14,260 square meters—equivalent to the size of two football fields. Over 6,000 terracotta warriors, more than 40 terracotta horses, and over 60 chariots have been unearthed here, forming a massive infantry formation. At the front of the formation stand 3 rows of 210 kneeling and standing archers, serving as the vanguard. With upright postures and sharp eyes, they seem ready to charge into battle at any moment. In the middle are 38 columns of infantry and chariot troops, forming the main force of the formation. Clad in armor and holding weapons such as ge (daggers-axes), spears, and swords, the terracotta warriors are neatly arranged, creating a majestic atmosphere. On both sides and at the rear of the formation are horizontal rows of troops, acting as flanks and rearguards to protect the main force.
Standing on the viewing platform of Pit 1 and overlooking the entire formation, you will be shocked by its rigorous layout and imposing momentum. The terracotta warriors vary in height and build, mostly between 1.75 meters and 1.85 meters tall—life-sized. Their hairstyles, hair ornaments, beards, and expressions are also distinct: some frown, some smile, some have firm gazes, and some seem lost in thought, truly embodying the "thousands of unique faces" concept. What’s even more amazing is the exquisite detail of their clothing. The scales of the armor, the buckles of the belts, and the patterns on the shoes are clearly visible, and even the fingerprints on the warriors’ hands can be identified, demonstrating the superb craftsmanship of the Qin Dynasty craftsmen.
Key Exhibits from Pit 1: · Qin Bronze Ge (Ancient Chinese Dagger-Axe) Overall length: 26.70 cm; blade length: 16.40 cm; shank length: 12.80 cm; tang length: 10.00 cm. Unearthed from Pit 1 of the Terracotta Army. As a hooking and pecking weapon, some of the bronze ge unearthed from the Terracotta Army pits are inscribed with small seal script characters. Most inscriptions are serial numbers, while a few include dating, supervisors, and craftsmen's names. Collected by the Emperor Qinshihuang's Mausoleum Site Museum. · Qin Lower-Ranking Military Officer Terracotta Warrior A Qin Dynasty pottery artifact with an overall height of 189.00—191.00 cm, unearthed from Pit 1 of the Terracotta Army. The lower-ranking military officer warriors wear a single-plate long crown. Some are light infantry without armor, while others are heavy infantry clad in armor—though their armor lacks painted patterns. They hold a sword in one hand and long weapons such as spears or ge (dagger-axes) in the other. Collected by the Emperor Qinshihuang's Mausoleum Site Museum.
2. Pit 2 While Pit 1 impresses with its scale, Pit 2 is renowned for its diverse arms and exquisite cultural relics. Located northeast of Pit 1, Pit 2 covers an area of approximately 6,000 square meters and is shaped like a carpenter’s square. It consists of 4 small formations: crossbowmen, chariot troops, cavalry, and mixed arms, forming a combined-arms combat formation. Over 1,300 terracotta warriors, more than 300 terracotta horses, and over 80 chariots have been unearthed here, including many rare treasures.
General warriors are among the core exhibits of Pit 2, with more than a dozen unearthed so far. Standing over 1.9 meters tall, these warriors wear pheasant-feather crowns, colorful fish-scale armor, and carry swords at their waists. With dignified expressions and sharp eyes, they exude outstanding military command abilities. Kneeling archers are famous for their exquisite craftsmanship and well-preserved painted colors. They kneel on their left legs, with their right legs bent, bodies leaning forward, and hands holding crossbows—their postures are graceful and their expressions focused. Due to their low position in the pit, the painted colors on the kneeling archers were relatively well-preserved when unearthed. We can clearly see their pink skin, black hair and beards, and the red, green, and purple colors on their armor—vibrant and lifelike. In addition, Pit 2 has also unearthed mounted warriors, chariot warriors, and cavalry warriors, providing valuable physical evidence for the study of combined-arms warfare in the Qin army.
Key Exhibits from Pit 2: · Qin Kui Dragon Pattern Large Eaves Tile This exhibit is a pottery artifact from the Qin Dynasty, serving as a building material. Unearthed from the site of the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang's bedroom hall, the kui dragon pattern eaves tile is semicircular in shape, with a remaining semicircular tile of 32 cm in length attached to its back. The front of the eaves tile is decorated with kui dragon patterns, whose square and rigid lines fully convey the powerful and grand aesthetic of the Qin Empire. This kui dragon pattern eaves tile conveys important information to people, providing intuitive physical evidence for understanding the scale of the entire mausoleum complex. It is currently collected by the Emperor Qinshihuang's Mausoleum Site Museum. · Qin Mounted Cavalry Terracotta Warrior A pottery artifact from the Qin Dynasty, unearthed from Pit 2 of the Terracotta Army. The Qin people rose to power through horse breeding, and a large number of pottery horses and real horses have been found as burial accompaniments in the Qin Mausoleum area—reflecting their great attention to and affection for horses. The mounted cavalry terracotta warriors depict the images of Qin Dynasty cavalrymen and warhorses: the cavalrymen are compact and robust, while the warhorses are strong and powerful. This indicates that as an emerging military branch, the Qin cavalry must have had very strict selection criteria. These artifacts serve as important physical evidence for the study of ancient military history. Collected by the Emperor Qinshihuang's Mausoleum Site Museum.
3. Pit 3 Although the smallest in size, Pit 3 holds the most important position in the scenic area. Covering only 520 square meters and shaped like a concave character, it has yielded 68 terracotta warriors, 4 terracotta horses, and 1 chariot. Despite the small number of relics, its compact layout and special functions make it unique. According to archaeological research, Pit 3 served as the command center of the entire army formation, equivalent to the headquarters of a modern army. The terracotta warriors in the pit are divided into north and south chambers: 22 warriors were unearthed in the north chamber, and 46 in the south chamber. Most of them hold weapons such as ge and spears, with different postures, as if participating in a military meeting or conveying orders.
The chariot in Pit 3 is also different from those in other pits. Decorated with exquisite patterns, it has large wheels and a spacious carriage. Bronze canopies, charioteer warriors, and weapons were unearthed inside, suggesting that it was the commander’s chariot. In addition, some painted terracotta warriors were found in Pit 3. Although the paint has partially faded, the richness of the colors can still be seen, providing important clues for the study of the Terracotta Warriors’ painting techniques. Due to its special status, the cultural relics unearthed in Pit 3 are irreplaceable for understanding the command system and combat processes of the Qin army.
Key Exhibits from Pit 3: · Four-Horse Chariot Unearthed from Pit 3 of the Terracotta Army, this chariot is accompanied by 4 terracotta figures standing in two rows: the front row is the charioteer, the middle of the back row is a military officer, and the two sides are chariot soldiers. The military officer wears chest armor with colored borders and a double-plate long crown; the other 3 figures are all clad in armor and wear single-plate long crowns. Judging from the remains of the four-horse chariot unearthed from Pit 3, the chariot was decorated with painted patterns and drawn by four horses, indicating that it held a high rank. Based on its excavation location, the chariot occupied a special status and function. · Shu (Ancient Chinese Mace) The shu is a striking weapon. Few physical examples have been discovered in previous findings, and their styles vary. A total of 31 pieces were unearthed from Pits 1 and 3 of the Terracotta Army, all cylindrical in shape with a triangular pyramidal head. They are generally 10.5 to 10.6 cm in length, 2.3 to 2.5 cm in diameter, and have a socket depth of 8.9 cm, designed for attaching a wooden handle. No weapons of this specific form have been recorded in historical documents, leading scholars to infer that they are the "shu" mentioned in ancient texts. Historical records describe the shu as an angular, blade-less weapon used solely for striking, not for thrusting or stabbing. However, the shu unearthed from the Terracotta Army pits represent just one variant of this weapon. Compared to weapons like the ge (dagger-axe), ji (halberd), and mao (spear), the shu could neither thrust, stab, nor hook, making it a relatively primitive weapon. During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, the shu was primarily used as a ceremonial implement rather than a practical combat weapon.
4. Pit 4 Located west of Pit 1, Pit 4 covers an area of approximately 4,000 square meters and is rectangular in shape. Unlike the other three pits, no terracotta warriors, horses, or chariots have been unearthed here, and the pit itself was not fully completed—only the outline of the foundation pit was dug. According to archaeological speculation, Pit 4 was started at the end of the Qin Dynasty, after Emperor Qin Shi Huang’s death when his son Hu Hai succeeded him as Qin Er Shi. Due to the outbreak of peasant uprisings and social unrest, the construction of the Terracotta Warriors was forced to stop, and Pit 4 was abandoned. Although no cultural relics were found in Pit 4, it provides important historical context for the study of the construction history of the Terracotta Warriors and the rise and fall of the Qin Dynasty.
B. Museum Layout & Facilities 1. Layout of the Core Tourist Area · Ruins Area: Including Pit 1, Pit 2, Pit 3, and Pit 4, located in the middle of the scenic area, it is the core area for tourists to visit. The three pit halls are all steel-structured buildings with transparent glass roofs, which not only protect the cultural relics but also ensure sufficient natural light, allowing tourists to clearly view the terracotta warriors and formations in the pits. Pit 4 is located west of Pit 1, and currently only the outline of the foundation pit is displayed, which tourists can view through railings. · Exhibition Area: Including the Bronze Chariots and Horses Museum and the Emperor Qin Shi Huang’s Mausoleum Relic Exhibition Hall. The Bronze Chariots and Horses Museum is located northwest of Pit 1, dedicated to displaying the two bronze chariots and horses. The Relic Exhibition Hall is located east of Pit 1, systematically introducing the archaeological discoveries of Emperor Qin Shi Huang’s Mausoleum, the historical culture of the Qin Dynasty, and the production process of the Terracotta Warriors through pictures, texts, and physical objects—it is an excellent place to supplement background knowledge. · Service Area: Concentrated near the entrance of the scenic area and around the core tourist area, including tourist center, ticket office, restaurants, souvenir shops, restrooms, mother-and-baby rooms, and other facilities, providing comprehensive services for tourists.
2. Details of Supporting Facilities · Tourist Center: Located at the entrance of the scenic area, it is the first stop for tourists. The tourist center is equipped with an information desk, ticket windows, luggage storage, wheelchair and stroller rental, and a medical service station. Staff at the information desk provide scenic area introductions, tour route recommendations, transportation information inquiries, and other services. The luggage storage provides free storage service, allowing tourists to store large luggage here for a relaxed tour. Wheelchairs and strollers can be rented for 50 RMB per unit, with a deposit required, which is refunded upon return. · Catering Facilities: There are multiple restaurants and snack stalls in the scenic area, distributed near the tourist center and around the core tourist area. Restaurants offer Chinese fast food, Shaanxi specialty cuisine (such as oil-splashed noodles, roujiamo, biangbiang noodles, etc.), and set meals, with relatively high prices—per capita consumption is about 50-80 RMB. Snack stalls sell mineral water, beverages, snacks, sausages, and other foods at more affordable prices: mineral water is 5 RMB per bottle, and sausages are 10 RMB each. In addition, there are convenience stores in the scenic area selling various foods and daily necessities, convenient for tourists to replenish supplies. · Shopping Facilities: There are multiple souvenir shops in the scenic area, mainly selling Terracotta Warrior replicas, Qin culture-themed crafts, books, postcards, and other products. Among them, the museum’s official shop offers high-quality products at reasonable prices, making it the preferred choice for purchasing souvenirs. Vendors around the scenic area also sell some souvenirs, but the quality varies—tourists should choose carefully. · Sanitation Facilities: Restrooms are densely distributed in the scenic area, with restrooms near each attraction, all free of charge. The restrooms are equipped with sinks, hand sanitizer, paper towels, and other items, and cleaners regularly clean to maintain a tidy environment. Mother-and-baby rooms are located in the restrooms of the tourist center and core tourist area, providing baby changing tables, nursing chairs, bottle warmers, and other facilities for mother-and-baby tourists.
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Step back in time as you explore the heart of China’s ancient capital. From the imposing Terracotta Army to the serene Big Wild Goose Pagoda, our tours bring you closer to the rich heritage and modern vibrancy of Xi’an. Whether you're a history buff, a foodie, or an adventurer, our handpicked experiences will let you uncover the best the city has to offer.
Practical VisitinPractical Visiting Guide A. Best Time to Visit 1. Best Seasons: Spring (March-May) and Autumn (September-November) · Spring (March-May): Xi’an enjoys pleasant weather in spring, with temperatures ranging from 10 Celsius to 25 Celsius. As flowers bloom and nature revives, it is an ideal time to visit the Terracotta Warriors. At this time, trees in the scenic area begin to bud and flowers bloom, contrasting beautifully with the ancient terracotta warriors, creating a picturesque scene. Additionally, there are relatively few tourists in spring, offering a comfortable visiting environment perfect for photography and in-depth experiences.
· Autumn (September-November): Xi’an’s autumn is characterized by clear skies, fresh air, and temperatures between 15 Celsius and 28 Celsius. With abundant sunshine and stable weather, it is another excellent season for visiting. Rainfall is scarce in autumn, making it ideal for outdoor activities. Persimmon trees in the scenic area are laden with red persimmons, adding a vibrant touch to the landscape. Although there are slightly more tourists than in spring, autumn remains a great time to visit and enjoy a quality experience.
2. Seasons to Avoid: Summer (July-August) and Winter (December-February) · Summer (July-August): Xi’an experiences hot and rainy weather in summer, with temperatures soaring to 30 Celsius-38 Celsius and high humidity, leading to a stuffy feeling. The ruins halls in the scenic area are open-air structures with limited ventilation, making visits uncomfortable during the heat. Furthermore, summer is the peak tourist season due to school vacations, resulting in a surge in visitors. Long queues are common, and the overall visiting experience can be compromised. · Winter (December-February): Xi’an’s winters are cold and dry, with temperatures ranging from -5 Celsius to 10 Celsius and biting winds. While there are fewer tourists, the low temperatures can make sightseeing inconvenient, especially for prolonged outdoor walks. Additionally, the scenic area’s trees are bare in winter, creating a monotonous landscape lacking the beauty of spring and autumn.
3. Best Daily Times: 8:30-10:00 AM and 2:00-4:00 PM · 8:30-10:00 AM: This is shortly after the scenic area opens, with the fewest tourists and the quietest visiting environment. The soft morning light is ideal for photography, allowing you to capture clear, bright images. Moreover, visitors are typically more energetic in the morning, enabling them to better appreciate and understand the historical and cultural connotations of the Terracotta Warriors. · 2:00-4:00 PM: This time slot avoids the midday heat and the morning tour group rush, with relatively fewer tourists. The side lighting in the afternoon highlights the three-dimensional features and details of the terracotta warriors, making it another great time for photography. Additionally, the temperature is cooler in the afternoon, ensuring a more comfortable visit.
4. Times to Avoid: 11:00 AM-1:00 PM and After 5:00 PM · 11:00 AM-1:00 PM: Direct sunlight during this period is intense, often leading to overexposed photos. The high temperatures can also leave visitors feeling fatigued. Furthermore, this is the peak time for tour groups, resulting in overcrowding and long queues, which can significantly impact the visiting experience. · After 5:00 PM: The scenic area is close to closing, and staff begin preparing for clearance, limiting visitors’ viewing time. As light fades in the evening, it becomes difficult to appreciate the details of the cultural relics and take quality photos. It is recommended that visitors complete their tour at least 1 hour before closing.
5. Special Periods: Holidays and Night Exhibitions · Holidays: Public holidays such as Spring Festival, National Day, and May Day are peak tourist seasons, with a sharp increase in visitors—even crowd control measures may be implemented. It is advisable to avoid visiting during these periods. If you must travel during holidays, book tickets 3-5 days in advance and arrive early to minimize waiting time. · Night Exhibitions: During select holidays (e.g., Mid-Autumn Festival, National Day), the scenic area offers "Night Tour of the Terracotta Army" activities. Visitors can explore the Terracotta Warriors at night, experiencing the charm of the formation under special lighting. Night exhibitions require separate reservations and higher ticket prices but offer a unique experience, ideal for travelers seeking off-the-beaten-path adventures.
B. Ticket & Opening Hours 1.Ticket Types and Prices The Emperor Qin Shi Huang’s Mausoleum Museum implements a combined ticket system, including access to both the Terracotta Army Museum and Lishan Garden, priced at 120 RMB per person. Preferential policies are as follows: · Half-Price Discount: Applicable to seniors aged 65 and above (with valid ID), minors aged 6 (excl.) to 18 (incl.) (with valid ID), and full-time students at the undergraduate level and below (with student ID). The discounted price is 60 RMB per person. · Free Admission: Applicable to children aged 6 and below or under 1.4 meters tall, active military personnel, people with disabilities, and retired cadres (with valid ID). · Notes: Discounted and free tickets must be redeemed at the scenic area ticket office with valid ID; online reservations are not available. The combined ticket is valid for 24 hours—visitors must complete visits to both the Terracotta Army Museum and Lishan Garden within 24 hours of purchase, otherwise, the ticket will expire.
2. Ticket Purchase Process · Method 1: Official museum ticket website: http://bmy.com.cn, where you can book tickets using your second-generation ID card or passport information. ·Method 2: Scan the QR code to follow the official WeChat account "Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum Museum" to book tickets. ·Method 3: Scan the QR code to follow the official WeChat account "Terracotta Army Ticketing Online" to book tickets.
3. Opening Hours · Peak Season (March 16 - November 15): 8:30 AM - 6:30 PM. Admittance stops 1 hour before closing; no entry after 5:00 PM. · Off-Season (November 16 - March 15 the following year): 8:30 AM - 6:00 PM. Admittance stops 1 hour before closing; no entry after 5:00 PM. · Closed Days: The scenic area is open year-round, including public holidays. However, temporary closure or adjusted opening hours may be implemented under special circumstances (e.g., cultural relics protection, extreme weather). Visitors are advised to follow the official WeChat public account or call the inquiry hotline for confirmation before visiting.
* Friendly Reminders · The Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum Museum consists of the Terracotta Army Museum and the Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum Archaeological Site Park (Lishan Garden). · Each of these two attractions takes about 1.5 hours to visit, and free shuttle buses are available for round-trip transport. · Ticket sales for both sites stop at 17:00, so visitors are advised to plan their visit accordingly.
Xi’an Awaits: Explore the Ancient City with Our Curated Tours!
Get ready to immerse yourself in the wonders of Xi’an, where ancient history meets modern-day culture. From the majestic Ancient City Wall to the bustling Muslim Quarter, our personalized tours offer a perfect blend of history, cuisine, and local charm. Let us guide you through the city's iconic landmarks and hidden gems, making your visit unforgettable.
C. Transportation Guide 1. Xi'an Xianyang International Airport Route 1: Walk 874 meters from Xi'an Xianyang International Airport to the airport bus station — Take the Airport Shuttle Bus to Xishaomen Konggang Business Hotel — Alight at Chengxi Coach Station bus stop — Walk 193 meters to Hancheng Road Metro Station — Take Line 1 (Fangzhicheng Direction) — Alight at Fangzhicheng Metro Station ? Transfer to Line 9 (Qinling West Direction) within the station — Exit from Exit C of Huaqing Pool Metro Station — Walk 197 meters to Huaqing Pool bus stop — Take Lintong Tourist Line 613 or Lintong Line 602 — Alight at Terracotta Army bus stop — Walk 170 meters to reach the destination (The whole journey takes about 2 hours and 30 minutes).
Route 2: Take Metro Line 14 (Heshao Direction) from Airport West (T1/T2/T3) Metro Station — Alight at North Railway Station (North Square) Metro Station — Transfer to Line 4 (Space City Direction) within the station — Alight at Administrative Center Metro Station — Transfer to Line 2 (Weiqu South Direction) within the station — Alight at North Street Metro Station — Transfer to Line 1 (Fangzhicheng Direction) within the station — Alight at Fangzhicheng Metro Station — Transfer to Line 9 (Qinling West Direction) within the station — Exit from Exit C of Huaqing Pool Metro Station — Walk 197 meters to Huaqing Pool bus stop — Take Lintong Tourist Line 613 — Alight at Terracotta Army bus stop — Walk 170 meters to reach the destination (The whole journey takes about 2 hours and 47 minutes).
Route 3: Take Metro Line 14 (Heshao Direction) from Airport West (T1/T2/T3) Metro Station — Alight at Shuangzhai Metro Station — Transfer to Line 3 (Yuhua Village Direction) within the station — Exit from Exit D (Northeast) of Tonghuamen Metro Station — Walk 310 meters to Qinfeng Coach Terminal bus stop — Take the direct shuttle to Terracotta Army Scenic Area — Alight at Emperor Qinshihuang's Mausoleum Site Museum (Terracotta Army) bus stop — Walk 174 meters to reach the destination (The whole journey takes about 2 hours and 26 minutes).
Route 4: Taking a taxi from Xi'an Xianyang International Airport to Terracotta Army Scenic Area via Xi'an Ring Expressway and Lianhuo Expressway covers approximately 67 kilometers, takes about 55 minutes, and costs around 194 RMB.
Route 5: Taking a taxi from Xi'an Xianyang International Airport to Terracotta Army Scenic Area via Airport Special Expressway and Qinhan Avenue covers approximately 62 kilometers, takes about 1 hour and 20 minutes (with more traffic lights), and costs around 180 RMB.
2. Xi'an North Railway Station Take Metro Line 2 — Transfer to Line 1 at North Street Metro Station and head to Fangzhicheng — Transfer to Line 9 within the station and head to Huaqing Pool — After exiting the metro, transfer to Lintong Tourist Line 613 to reach Qin Yong Village, or take Lintong Line 602 to Terracotta Army.
3. Xi'an Railway Station Take Metro Line 4 — Transfer to Line 1 at Wulu Kou Metro Station and head to Fangzhicheng — Transfer to Line 9 within the station and head to Huaqing Pool — After exiting the metro, transfer to Lintong Tourist Line 613 to reach Qin Yong Village, or take Lintong Line 602 to Terracotta Army.
4. Self-Driving Set your in-car navigation to "Emperor Qin Shi Huang's Mausoleum Site Museum".There are numerous parking lots near the Terracotta Army: · On-site parking at the scenic area: 20 RMB (unlimited time). · Off-site parking nearby: 10 RMB. · Free parking is available at some nearby accommodations.
D. Recommended Visiting Route 1. Classic Route (3 hours, suitable for most visitors) · Stop 1: Pit 1 (about 60 minutes) — First visit the largest Pit 1. Overlook the complete military formation from the 2nd-floor viewing platform to feel the majestic momentum of thousands of warriors; then go downstairs to observe the queue arrangement and costume details of the terracotta warriors up close, establishing an overall understanding of the Terracotta Army. · Stop 2: Pit 3 (about 30 minutes) — Head to the smallest Pit 3, which is believed to be the "command center" of the army. The unearthed painted terracotta warriors and bronze chariots with a compact layout allow you to focus on the command system of the Qin army. · Stop 3: Pit 2 (about 40 minutes) — Visit Pit 2, which houses the most diverse arms. Here you can see "high-quality cultural relics" such as general warriors, kneeling archers, and mounted warriors. Especially the well-preserved kneeling archers with clear facial expressions and hair textures are the core spots for photography and craftsmanship appreciation. · Stop 4: Bronze Chariots and Horses Museum (about 30 minutes) — Finally, visit the "Crown of Bronzes" and admire the exquisite craftsmanship of the two bronze chariots up close, experiencing the luxury and technological level of the imperial carriage of the Qin Dynasty. · Conclusion: Relic Exhibition Hall (about 20 minutes) — If time permits, browse exhibits such as unearthed weapons and terracotta fragments to supplement historical background knowledge before leaving.
2. In-Depth Route (4-5 hours, suitable for history and culture enthusiasts) · Based on the classic route, add Lishan Garden of Emperor Qin Shi Huang’s Mausoleum (about 1.5 hours): Take the free shuttle bus from the Terracotta Warriors scenic area (20-minute ride) to visit the burial mound of Emperor Qin Shi Huang, ancestral hall ruins, and Bronze Chariot Burial Pit, intuitively feeling the overall layout of the imperial mausoleum; after returning, you can further explore the special exhibitions in the Relic Exhibition Hall to deeply interpret the Qin civilization.
3. Time-Saving Route (2 hours, suitable for visitors with limited time) · Focus on core highlights: Pit 1 (40 minutes, experience the scale) — Pit 2 (30 minutes, appreciate the exquisite relics) — Bronze Chariots and Horses Museum (30 minutes, admire the craftsmanship). Skip Pit 3 and the Relic Exhibition Hall to quickly experience the three core charms of the Terracotta Warriors and complete the visit efficiently.
In-Depth Experience Tips 1.Guided Tour & Audio Guide · Guided Tour: Official guides cost 100 RMB for groups of up to 5 people, with a 1.5-hour tour. Professional and engaging, they provide in-depth interpretation of historical context and relic details. · Audio Guide: 30 RMB per device (supports Chinese, English, Japanese, Korean, etc.). It can also be accessed via a WeChat mini-program by scanning a QR code for flexible use. · Notes: Avoid unlicensed guides; choose official services for accurate information.
2.Photography Tips · Best Shooting Spots: 2nd-floor viewing platform of Pit 1 (panoramic shot of the army), kneeling archer area in Pit 2 (close-up of details), Bronze Chariots and Horses Museum (side light for bronze texture). · Photography Rules: No flash, tripods, or drones allowed; no touching relics in exhibition areas—maintain a safe distance. · Lighting Tips: Shoot Pit 1 in direct light in the morning and Pit 2 in side light in the afternoon to avoid dark images from backlighting.
3. Cultural Immersion Activities · Terracotta Sculpting Experience: Some workshops in the scenic area offer mini terracotta warrior making for 50-100 RMB per person. Finishings can be taken home to experience ancient craftsmanship. · Qin Culture Lectures: The museum regularly holds free Qin culture lectures (pre-booking required), with experts interpreting historical stories behind the Terracotta Warriors. · Night Exhibition: "Night Tour of the Terracotta Army" is available on select holidays, with the army formation appearing more mysterious under lights—separate booking required.
Essential Travel Tips 1. Practical Preparation · Clothing: The scenic area is large with much walking—wear comfortable sneakers. Protect against sun in summer and keep warm in winter (small temperature difference indoors and outdoors). · Items: Bring ID card (mandatory for entry), drinking water, snacks (food in the scenic area is pricey), sunscreen, hat, and umbrella (rainy season). · Health: No medical station in the area—carry common medicines (gastrointestinal medicine, band-aids). Wheelchairs or strollers are available for the elderly and children.
2. Avoid Scams & Mistakes · Reject "Fake Relics": Most "Terracotta Warrior replicas" sold by vendors around the scenic area are low-quality. Buy souvenirs from the museum’s official shop if needed. · Don’t Trust "Special Access": No extra "fast track" except for the disabled and elderly—avoid scams.
3. Etiquette & Cultural Respect · Keep Quiet: No loud talking or running in exhibition halls—respect other visitors and the relic protection environment. · Protect Relics: Touching, climbing, or carving on relics and facilities is strictly prohibited. Violators face fines or legal liability. · Follow Order: Queue for entry, visits, and tickets. No jumping the queue or crowding—follow staff instructions.
4. Language & Communication · Scenic Signs: Key signs are bilingual (Chinese and English) for foreign visitors. · Communication Help: Download translation apps (Baidu Translate, Youdao Translate) to communicate with staff or vendors. · Emergency Numbers: · Scenic Area Contact Numbers: +86-29-81399127 (Ticketing) +86-29-81399047 / +86-29-81399048 (Interpretation Services) +86-29-81399174 (Complaints, Assistance, or Other Inquiries) · Police 110, First aid 120
FAQs Q: Can I take photos of the Terracotta Warriors? A: Yes, but no flash, tripods, or drones. Touching relics in exhibition areas is prohibited.
Q: Do children need tickets? A: Free of charge for children under 1.2 meters; half-price tickets for those between 1.2 and 1.5 meters.
Q: How long is the ticket valid? A: Valid for one entry and exit on the day of purchase.
Q: Is re-entry allowed? A: A re-entry ticket (60 RMB) is required for re-entry.
Q: Is it convenient to visit with children or the elderly? A: The scenic area has flat walkways. Wheelchairs and strollers are available, and the visiting route is relatively gentle.
Q: Where to buy reliable Terracotta Warrior replicas? A: The museum’s official shop offers high-quality replicas—your best choice.
The Terracotta Warriors in Xi’an offer a unique glimpse into China’s rich history and the monumental achievements of the Qin Dynasty. A visit to this site is a must for anyone interested in ancient civilizations and archaeological wonders.
Your Way Holiday’s Exclusive Guide to the Terracotta Army in Xi’an and Unmatched Historical Adventures
We design private and tailor-made Xi’an tours customized to your travel style at affordable local prices. You’ll enjoy the comfort of a private, spacious car and the company of a professional local guide with over 5 years of experience, dedicated exclusively to you or your group. From transportation and tickets to authentic dining experiences (we always recommend the dishes most loved by locals), everything will be arranged according to your preferences. Please take a look at some of our most popular Xi’an tours below:
Not exactly what you’re looking for? Don’t worry — all of our Xi’an tours can be fully customized based on your interests, schedule, and budget. We specialize in creating unique Xi’an experiences that go beyond the guidebook, giving you the chance to truly connect with the local culture and people. Our enthusiastic tour experts are always ready to provide detailed suggestions and will respond to your inquiry within 24 hours. Ready to explore Xi’an your way? Contact us today and let us design a Xi’an shopping experience that fits your style. Your Way Holiday looks forward to your message! We're ready to design an unforgettable Xi’an trip for you anytime.
A standard visit to the Terracotta Warriors Museum typically takes 2 to 2.5 hours. Most visitors spend:
Around 60 minutes in Pit 1, the main excavation site with thousands of life-sized clay soldiers.
An additional 30–40 minutes exploring Pits 2 and 3, which offer insight into the army’s command structure and military formation.
About 20–30 minutes in the Bronze Chariot Exhibition Hall to view finely crafted bronze artifacts.
For a deeper understanding, guided tours may extend the visit to approximately 3 hours. The museum grounds are generally flat and well-maintained, making it suitable for all ages. We recommend arriving early to avoid crowds and wearing comfortable walking shoes.
The Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum remains open during the Chinese New Year holiday, as it is one of China’s most popular tourist attractions. However, please note that this is a peak travel period, so the site can be very busy, and tickets may sell out quickly.
We recommend booking your tickets and tour in advance to ensure availability and a smoother experience. Let us know if you’d like assistance with arrangements—we’d be happy to help.
Yes, the Terracotta Warriors and Museum is wheelchair accessible. The main exhibition halls, including Pits 1, 2, and 3, are equipped with barrier-free paths and ramps suitable for wheelchair users. Elevators are available where needed, and the museum staff are generally helpful and accommodating. Wheelchairs can also be rented on-site at the service center near the entrance. We recommend contacting the museum or your tour provider in advance to ensure availability and assistance if needed.
Yes, the official website does offer online ticket booking, but it's only available in Chinese, which can make it difficult for foreigners to use. If you’re not familiar with the language, it's challenging to make a reservation on your own. While you could ask someone who speaks Chinese to help, the easiest and most reliable option is to book through us—we’d be happy to assist you with securing your train tickets in advance.
There are several ways to get to the Terracotta Warriors from the airport:
Airport Shuttle + Tourist Bus: Take the airport shuttle bus to Xi’an Railway Station (about 1 hour), then transfer to Tourist Bus No. 306 to the Terracotta Warriors. The total journey takes approximately 2 hours.
Airport Shuttle to Lintong: Take the airport shuttle bus to Lintong, then transfer to Lintong Bus No. 101. This bus ride takes about 15 minutes to reach the Terracotta Warriors.
Taxi or Private Transfer: The most convenient option is to take a city taxi or book a private transfer directly from the airport to the Terracotta Warriors. If you arrive around noon or later, we recommend this option to make the most of your time.
The entrance fee for the Terracotta Warriors is CNY 150 during the peak season (March to November) and CNY 120 during the low season (December to February).
There are discounts available for children:
Free entry for children under 1.2 meters in height.
Half-price tickets for children between 1.2 and 1.5 meters.
Students studying in China can also enjoy discounted tickets with a valid student ID card.
If you book a tour with us, we’ll be happy to assist in purchasing the tickets and applying any eligible discounts.
The Terracotta Warriors have different opening hours depending on the season:
Peak Season (March 16 – November 15):
Ticket check-in: 08:30 – 17:00
Opening hours: 08:30 – 18:30
Low Season (November 16 – March 15):
Ticket check-in: 08:30 – 16:30
Opening hours: 08:30 – 18:00
If you depart from Xi’an city at 12:30 PM, it takes about 1 hour to reach the site, which still gives you ample time (2–3 hours) to explore before the last entry time. It's perfectly doable for a half-day visit.
The best time to visit the Terracotta Warriors is during spring (March to early June) and autumn (September to early November) when the weather is pleasant and crowds are lighter.
To avoid the crowds, we recommend:
Arriving early in the morning, around 8:30 AM, when the site just opens.
Avoiding weekends and public holidays, especially during Chinese New Year and National Day (Oct 1–7).
Booking a private tour, which allows for better timing and a smoother experience.
Yes, luggage storage is available at the Terracotta Warriors site. You can store your luggage free of charge at the Tourist Information Center, located on the left side of the Ticketing Office.
We kindly remind you to keep important personal belongings with you during the tour, such as your passport, cash, camera, and mobile phone, for security purposes. Let us know if you need any assistance with directions or tour arrangements.
Yes, we can absolutely arrange a private Terracotta Warriors tour with pickup from your hotel in Xi’an, or any hotel within the city.
This customized private tour includes:
A professional English-speaking guide
Comfortable private vehicle with a licensed driver
Hotel pickup and drop-off
Entrance ticket to the Terracotta Warriors & Museum
Your guide will pick you up directly from your hotel, take you to visit the Terracotta Warriors and Museum, and return you to your hotel after the tour. The itinerary is 100% flexible, so you can choose the start time and let your guide know any preferences or special interests during the tour.
Yes, photography is allowed in the public areas of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum. However, please note that the use of flash and tripods is strictly prohibited in order to protect the artifacts. We recommend turning off your flash and being mindful of signage and staff instructions during your visit.
Terracotta Warrior replicas are among the most popular souvenirs for visitors to Xi’an. You can find them at several locations, including the official gift shop at the Terracotta Warriors Museum, the Muslim Quarter, and shops at Xi’an Airport or the train station. These replicas come in a variety of styles—some are handsome, humorous, fat, slim, young, or old, making them fun and unique gifts. Prices vary depending on size, material, and craftsmanship. In general, you'll find better prices and more variety in Xi’an’s downtown markets compared to the airport or train station.
Attractions(Cities)：Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum, Bell Tower, Muslim Quarter
Tour Style：If you're short on time but eager to experience Xi'an, our Xi'an private tour is the perfect solution. This all-inclusive one-day tour includes visits to the world-famous Terracotta Warriors, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, where you’ll marvel at thousands of life-sized statues. You’ll also explore the Bell Tower, a historic landmark offering panoramic views of the city, and stroll through the lively Muslim Quarter, sampling local delicacies and experiencing vibrant cultural blends. With hotel pickup, a professional guide, comfortable transport, and all entrance fees included, this Xi'an private tour offers a seamless and enriching experience, allowing you to uncover the best of Xi'an’s rich history and culture.
Attractions(Cities)：Xi'an Ancient City Wall, Big Wild Goose Pagoda, Xian Great Mosque, Muslim Quarter
Tour Style：This Xian city tour offers an immersive journey into the rich history and culture of this ancient city. Begin your day at the Shaanxi History Museum, where you'll explore China's long-standing civilization through its precious artifacts. Next, visit the Big Wild Goose Pagoda to experience the deep roots of Buddhist culture. At the Xi'an Great Mosque, marvel at the unique Islamic architectural artistry. Finally, stroll through the vibrant Muslim Quarter, where you'll savor the diverse flavors of Xi'an's food culture. This tour provides not only cultural enrichment but also exceptional service to ensure a memorable and enjoyable experience.
Attractions(Cities)：Terracotta Warriors, Muslim Quarter
Tour Style：Experience the awe-inspiring Terracotta Army with our exclusive Xi'an Terracotta tour. Skip the crowds and enjoy a personalized exploration of this world-famous site, one of the "Eight Wonders of the World," with a knowledgeable local guide. With flexible pacing, you’ll have ample time to marvel at over 8,000 life-sized figures guarding the tomb of China’s first emperor, Qin Shi Huang. This tailored tour includes convenient city transportation, entrance fees, and expert guidance, ensuring a seamless and immersive experience. Dive deep into the history, culture, and fascinating stories of the Terracotta Warriors, uncovering the legacy of this remarkable archaeological treasure in Xi'an.
Attractions(Cities)：Terra-cotta Warriors, Local Xi 'an lunch
Tour Style：Embark on a seamless day trip to Terracotta Warriors from Beijing with a comfortable high-speed train ride to Xi'an. Upon arrival, your private, knowledgeable guide will greet you at the station and take you directly to the world-famous Terracotta Warriors, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. There, you'll marvel at the thousands of life-sized sculptures that once guarded the tomb of China's first emperor, Qin Shi Huang each figure uniquely detailed and steeped in ancient history. After your in-depth visit, enjoy a delicious local lunch featuring Xi'an specialties before returning to the train station for your journey back to Beijing. This well-organized private tour is ideal for travelers who want to experience one of China's most iconic sights in a single, hassle-free day.
Tour Style：Embark on an unforgettable Xi'an to Huashan Day Trip Tour, visiting one of China’s Five Sacred Mountains. With your expert guide, you’ll follow the most efficient route to explore the breathtaking beauty of Huashan, including stunning sunrise and sunset views, a sea of clouds, and majestic mountain scenery that has captivated visitors for centuries. Along the way, you’ll visit key sites that offer insights into Taoism, ancient Chinese culture, and the mountain’s rich history. This all-inclusive tour includes hotel pickup and drop-off, private car service with a professional driver, expert guidance, and entrance fees, ensuring a smooth, enriching experience and a deep connection with this iconic destination.
